15. Client message protocol

15.1. Introduction

.intro: The client message protocol provides a means by which clients can receive messages from the MPS asynchronously. Typical messages may be low memory notification (or in general low utility), finalization notification, soft-failure notification. There is a general assumption that it should not be disastrous for the MPS client to ignore messages, but that it is probably in the clients best interest to not ignore messages. The justification for this is that the MPS cannot force the MPS client to read and act on messages, so no message should be critical.

Note

Bogus, since we cannot force clients to check error codes either. Pekka P. Pirinen, 1997-09-17.

.contents: This document describes the design of the external and internal interfaces and concludes with a sketch of an example design of an internal client. The example is that of implementing finalization using PoolMRG.

.readership: Any MPS developer.

15.2. Requirements

.req: The client message protocol will be used for implementing finalization (see design.mps.finalize and req.dylan.fun.final). It will also be used for implementing the notification of various conditions (possibly req.dylan.prot.consult is relevant here).

15.3. External interface

.if.queue: Messages are presented as a single queue per arena. Various functions are provided to inspect the queue and inspect messages in it (see below).

15.3.1. Functions

.if.fun: The following functions are provided:

.if.fun.poll: mps_message_poll() sees whether there are any messages pending. Returns 1 only if there is a message on the queue of arena. Returns 0 otherwise.

.if.fun.enable: mps_message_type_enable() enables the flow of messages of a certain type. The queue of messages of a arena will contain only messages whose types have been enabled. Initially all message types are disabled. Effectively this function allows the client to declare to the MPS what message types the client understands. The MPS does not generate any messages of a type that hasn’t been enabled. This allows the MPS to add new message types (in subsequent releases of a memory manager) without confusing the client. The client will only be receiving the messages if they have explicitly enabled them (and the client presumably only enables message types when they have written the code to handle them).

.if.fun.disable: mps_message_type_disable() disables the flow of messages of a certain type. The antidote to mps_message_type_enable(). Disables the specified message type. Flushes any existing messages of that type on the queue, and stops any further generation of messages of that type. This permits clients to dynamically decline interest in a message type, which may help to avoid a memory leak or bloated queue when the messages are only required temporarily.

.if.fun.get: mps_message_get() begins a message “transaction”. If there is a message of the specified type on the queue then the first such message will be removed from the queue and a handle to it will be returned to the client via the messageReturn argument; in this case the function will return TRUE. Otherwise it will return FALSE. Having obtained a handle on a message in this way, the client can use the type-specific accessors to find out about the message. When the client is done with the message the client should call mps_message_discard(); failure to do so will result in a resource leak.

.if.fun.discard: mps_message_discard() ends a message “transaction”. It indicates to the MPS that the client is done with this message and its resources may be reclaimed.

.if.fun.type.any: mps_message_queue_type() determines the type of a message in the queue. Returns TRUE only if there is a message on the queue of arena, and in this case updates the typeReturn argument to be the type of a message in the queue. Otherwise returns FALSE.

.if.fun.type: mps_message_type() determines the type of a message (that has already been got). Only legal when inside a message transaction (that is, after mps_message_get() and before mps_message_discard()). Note that the type will be the same as the type that the client passed in the call to mps_message_get().

15.3.2. Types of messages

.type: The type governs the “shape” and meaning of the message.

.type.int: Types themselves will just be a scalar quantity, an integer.

.type.semantics: A type indicates the semantics of the message.

.type.semantics.interpret: The semantics of a message are interpreted by the client by calling various accessor methods on the message.

.type.accessor: The type of a message governs which accessor methods are legal to apply to the message.

.type.example: Some example types:

.type.finalization: There will be a finalization type. The type is abstractly: FinalizationMessage(Ref).

.type.finalization.semantics: A finalization message indicates that an object has been discovered to be finalizable (see design.mps.poolmrg.def.final.object for a definition of finalizable).

.type.finalization.ref: There is an accessor to get the reference of the finalization message (i.e. a reference to the object which is finalizable) called mps_message_finalization_ref().

.type.finalization.ref.scan: Note that the reference returned should be stored in scanned memory.

15.3.3. Compatibility issues

.compatibility: The following issues affect future compatibility of the interface:

.compatibility.future.type-new: Notice that message of a type that the client doesn’t understand are not placed on the queue, therefore the MPS can introduce new types of message and existing client will still function and will not leak resources. This has been achieved by getting the client to declare the types that the client understands (with mps_message_type_enable(), .if.fun.enable).

.compatibility.future.type-extend: The information available in a message of a given type can be extended by providing more accessor methods. Old clients won’t get any of this information but that’s okay.

15.4. Internal interface

15.4.1. Types

struct MessageStruct *Message

.message.type: Message is the type of messages.

.message.instance: Messages are instances of Message Classes.

struct MessageStruct *MessageStruct

.message.concrete: Concretely a message is represented by a MessageStruct. A MessageStruct has the usual signature field (see design.mps.sig). A MessageStruct has a type field which defines its type, a ring node, which is used to attach the message to the queue of pending messages, a class field, which identifies a MessageClass object.

.message.intent: The intention is that a MessageStruct will be embedded in some richer object which contains information relevant to that specific type of message.

.message.struct: The structure is declared as follows:

struct MessageStruct {
  Sig sig;
  MessageType type;
  MessageClass class;
  RingStruct node;
} MessageStruct;

struct MessageClassStruct *MessageClass

.class: A message class is an encapsulation of methods. It encapsulates methods that are applicable to all types of messages (generic) and methods that are applicable to messages only of a certain type (type-specific).

.class.concrete: Concretely a message class is represented by a MessageClassStruct (a struct). Clients of the Message module are expected to allocate storage for and initialise the MessageClassStruct. It is expected that such storage will be allocated and initialised statically.

.class.one-type: A message class implements exactly one message type. The identifier for this type is stored in the type field of the MessageClassStruct. Note that the converse is not true: a single message type may be implemented by two (or more) different message classes (for example: for two pool classes that require different implementations for that message type).

.class.methods.generic: The generic methods are as follows:

• delete – used when the message is destroyed (by the client calling mps_message_discard()). The class implementation should finish the message (by calling MessageFinish()) and storage for the message should be reclaimed (if applicable).

.class.methods.specific: The type specific methods are:

.class.methods.specific.finalization: Specific to MessageTypeFinalization:

• finalizationRef – returns a reference to the finalizable object represented by this message.

.class.methods.specific.collectionstats: Specific to MessageTypeCollectionStats:

• collectionStatsLiveSize – returns the number of bytes (of objects) that were condemned but survived.

• collectionStatsCondemnedSize – returns the number of bytes condemned in the collection.

• collectionStatsNotCondemnedSize – returns the the number of bytes (of objects) that are subject to a GC policy (that is, collectable) but were not condemned in the collection.

.class.sig.double: The MessageClassStruct has a signature field at both ends. This is so that if the MessageClassStruct changes size (by adding extra methods for example) then any static initializers will generate errors from the compiler (there will be a type error causes by initialising a non-signature type field with a signature) unless the static initializers are changed as well.

.class.struct: The structure is declared as follows:

typedef struct MessageClassStruct {
  Sig sig;                      /* design.mps.sig */
  const char *name;             /* Human readable Class name */

  /* generic methods */
  MessageDeleteMethod delete;   /* terminates a message */

  /* methods specific to MessageTypeFinalization */
  MessageFinalizationRefMethod finalizationRef;

  /* methods specific to MessageTypeCollectionStats */
  MessageCollectionStatsLiveSizeMethod collectionStatsLiveSize;
  MessageCollectionStatsCondemnedSizeMethod collectionStatsCondemnedSize;
  MessageCollectionStatsNotCondemnedSizeMethod collectionStatsNotCondemnedSize;

  Sig endSig;                   /* design.mps.message.class.sig.double */
} MessageClassStruct;

.space.queue: The arena structure is augmented with a structure for managing for queue of pending messages. This is a ring in the ArenaStruct:

struct ArenaStruct
{
  ...
  RingStruct messageRing;
  ...
}

15.4.2. Functions

void MessageInit(Arena arena, Message message, MessageClass class)

.fun.init: Initializes the MessageStruct pointed to by message. The caller of this function is expected to manage the store for the MessageStruct.

void MessageFinish(Message message)

.fun.finish: Finishes the MessageStruct pointed to by message. The caller of this function is expected to manage the store for the MessageStruct.

void MessagePost(Arena arena, Message message)

.fun.post: Places a message on the queue of an arena.

.fun.post.precondition: Prior to calling the function, the node field of the message must be a singleton. After the call to the function the message will be available for MPS client to access. After the call to the function the message fields must not be manipulated except from the message’s class’s method functions (that is, you mustn’t poke about with the node field in particular).

void MessageEmpty(Arena arena)

.fun.empty: Empties the message queue. This function has the same effect as discarding all the messages on the queue. After calling this function there will be no messages on the queue.

.fun.empty.internal-only: This functionality is not exposed to clients. We might want to expose this functionality to our clients in the future.

15.5. Message life cycle

.life: A message will be allocated by a client of the message module, it will be initialised by calling MessageInit(). The client will eventually post the message on the external queue (in fact most clients will create a message and then immediately post it). The message module may then apply any of the methods to the message. The message module will eventually destroy the message by applying the delete method to it.

15.6. Examples

15.6.1. Finalization

Note

Possibly out of date, see design.mps.finalize and design.mps.poolmrg instead. David Jones, 1997-08-28.

This subsection is a sketch of how PoolMRG will use Messages for finalization (see design.mps.poolmrg).

PoolMRG has guardians (see design.mps.poolmrg.guardian). Guardians are used to manage final references and detect when an object is finalizable.

The link part of a guardian will include a MessageStruct.

The MessageStruct is allocated when the final reference is created (which is when the referred to object is registered for finalization). This avoids allocating at the time when the message gets posted (which might be a tricky, undesirable, or impossible, time to allocate).

PoolMRG has two queues: the entry queue, and the exit queue. The entry queue will use a ring; the exit queue of MRG will simply be the external message queue.

The delete method frees both the link part and the reference part of the guardian.